The National Institute for Communicable Diseases (NICD) has stressed the need for increased public awareness about ongoing threat of rabies.
According to the latest Public Health Bulletin South Africa (PHBSA) surveillance report, rabies continues to pose a significant public health threat in South Africa, especially in the Eastern Cape, KwaZulu-Natal, and Limpopo.
Rabies is a viral disease primarily transmitted through the saliva of infected animals, mostly dogs, through bites, scratches, or contact with mucous membranes or open wounds.
“Most human rabies cases are linked to dog bites, and the disease is almost always fatal once symptoms appear,” the NICD said.
The study titled “Epidemiological Trends of Animal Bites and Human Rabies Cases in Limpopo, South Africa, 2011–2023: A Retrospective” , highlighted the significance of continuous surveillance to track incidents of animal bites and human rabies cases.
The study found that the majority of human rabies cases are reported from these regions.
It emphasises the need to identify high-risk areas for targeted interventions.
The article is part of the PHBSA initiative, which is led by the NICD and the National Institute for Occupational Health.
It provides timely and actionable disease surveillance information for South Africa and the wider Southern African Development Community (SADC).
While rabies is almost 100% fatal, the NICD said it is preventable through timely and appropriate post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) in humans following possible exposures.
The NICD said rabies in dogs and cats can be controlled through vaccination.
“Each pet owner has a responsibility to contribute to reducing the risk of rabies by ensuring their pets are vaccinated against rabies. Understanding local patterns of animal bites and rabies exposure is essential to guiding targeted interventions, improving vaccination coverage, and ultimately saving lives.”
Lead author of the study, Unarine Makungo, said the article offers crucial, evidence-based information regarding the persistent risk of rabies in Limpopo, where outbreaks continue to occur and disproportionately affect children.
“It highlights the importance of dog vaccination, public awareness, and timely medical care after animal bites. The findings are directly relevant to healthcare providers, policymakers, and community members who play a role in rabies prevention and contro,” Makungo said.
Makungo said she hopes that this surveillance will help guide targeted vaccination campaigns in high-risk areas, ensuring that at least 70% of the dog population is vaccinated.
“It should also inform public education initiatives on rabies risks and appropriate responses to animal bites. Additionally, it can support awareness for access to free and timely PEP, particularly in rural and underserved communities.”
She also emphasised the need for stronger collaboration between the veterinary and human health sectors through the One Health approach.
“Ultimately, the goal is to reduce the incidence of rabies and animal-bite injuries, moving South Africa closer to achieving zero human deaths from dog-mediated rabies by 2030.”
The study encourages the public to seek immediate medical care for PEP after a dog bite, which is available free of charge in the public sector and at a cost in the private sector.
In the event of a dog bite, wounds and scratches should be washed immediately and thoroughly with soap, or detergent and rinsed under running water for at least 15 minutes.
The NICD is urging the public to report any suspected rabid animals to veterinary services or animal health technicians and not try to capture or approach the animal. – SAnews.gov.za
